Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence that Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs preserve the therapeutic action of the parent MSCs, and their use avoids the safety concerns associated with live cell therapy.

Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells play a critical role in developing of immune regulation and regeneration. These EVs mimic the effects of stem cells and perform powerful functions by modulating immune pathways, promoting effector cell migration and proliferation, and reducing apoptosis. So EVs hold the potential to become a new and effective treatment due to their unique advantages over cell-based therapeutics, including non-replicating as do viruses, low immunogenicity, and relative ease of storage and shipping.