ECOWAS reported that over 1,800 terrorist attacks were carried out in West Africa in the first half of 2023 by terrorists. These attacks resulted in the deaths of nearly 4,600 people. Also caused widespread displacement and humanitarian needs.The attacks have had a devastating impact on the region, displacing half a million people as refugees and nearly 6.2 million internally. Without adequate international response to the 30 million people in the region who need food, that number could increase to 42 million by the end of August.

Whom to Blame?

Touray, the president of the ECOWAS Commission, said that organized crime, armed rebellion, unconstitutional changes of government, illegal maritime activities, environmental crises, and fake news are driving insecurity in West Africa. He is worried that the military is resurgent in the region, as it is currently ruling three countries.

Touray said that there were 2,725 attacks in Burkina Faso, 844 in Mali, 77 in Niger, and 70 attacks in Nigeria between January and June 30. These attacks led to the deaths of 4,593 people. Attacks in Benin, Togo show terrorism expanding to littoral states in W. Africa.

Humanitarian Consequences of Attacks 

ECOWAS official said to UNSC that the attacks are “an excerpt from the appalling impact of insecurity” in West Africa. He called for increased international cooperation to help the region combat terrorism and prevent further attacks.

The humanitarian consequences of the attacks are also severe. The UN reports that the violence has displaced half a million people within West Africa. The region is also facing a food security crisis, with millions of people in need of food assistance.

Plan of Action

ECOWAS military leaders discuss enhancing regional standby force to counter terrorism and preserve constitutional order. Touray presented two proposed options. The first involves creating a 5,000-strong brigade with an annual budget of $2.3 billion. And the second suggests deploying troops as needed, costing $360 million annually.

The attacks in West Africa are a reminder of the ongoing threat of terrorism in the region. The international community must work with ECOWAS and other regional organizations to combat terrorism and prevent attacks.