Houston, Texas, is home to a well-structured judiciary system that plays a crucial role in the legal landscape. From minor civil disputes to serious criminal cases, Houston's courts handle it all. Knowing how the courts in Houston operate can help you navigate the legal system more effectively.

In this blog, we’ll break down the key courts in Houston and what they do.

Types Of Courts In Houston

1. Harris County District Courts

The Harris County District Courts are perhaps the most significant in Houston. These courts have general jurisdiction, meaning they can handle a variety of case types, including:

• Criminal Cases: They handle felony criminal cases, from theft to serious violent crimes.
• Civil Cases: Major civil disputes, such as business conflicts or personal injury cases, are also addressed here.
• Family Law: Divorce, child custody, and other family-related legal matters are heard in these courts.

These courts are the primary trial courts in Houston and are often the first stop for serious cases. If you need to challenge a decision or handle a complex case, an Appellate Attorney in Houston can assist with the appeals process.

2. Harris County Criminal Courts at Law

For those dealing with misdemeanor charges, the Harris County Criminal Courts at Law are where you'll find resolutions. These courts handle less severe criminal offenses, including:

• DUI/DWI Charges
• Assaults
• Theft under a certain value
• Drug possession (in lower amounts)

These courts provide a streamlined process for resolving criminal matters that don’t fall under the more serious felony category. 

3. Harris County Civil Courts

As the name suggests, the Harris County Civil Courts deal with civil cases. They are responsible for resolving disputes between individuals or entities. Some common cases include:

• Contract Disputes: Businesses or individuals suing each other over breaches in agreements.
• Personal Injury Cases: Lawsuits filed by individuals who have been injured, whether physically or emotionally.
• Property Disputes: Disagreements over ownership or use of property.

These courts handle financial disputes and disagreements between parties. Civil cases in Houston can be complex, so consulting a legal professional is recommended. All these courts, along with others, are located within a five-block area in downtown Houston, known as "Justice Square."

4. Harris County Family Courts

Family law issues are handled by the Harris County Family Courts. These courts oversee:

• Divorce Cases: Divorces can be complex, particularly when child custody or asset division is involved.
• Child Custody and Support: These courts determine the living arrangements for children and the financial support that a non-custodial parent is required to provide.
• Adoption Cases: Family Courts also handle the legal process of adopting a child.

These cases often involve high emotions and sensitive issues, making the expertise of an Appellate Attorney in Houston essential if an appeal is required.

5. Harris County Probate Courts

Probate courts focus on the management of a deceased person’s estate. This includes the administration of wills, trusts, and estates. Key areas include:

• Validating Wills: Ensuring a will is legally sound and properly executed.
• Estate Management: Dividing and distributing the estate among beneficiaries.
• Guardianship: Appointing a legal guardian for individuals who are unable to care for themselves.

6. Harris County Justice of the Peace Courts

These courts deal with minor criminal and civil cases. Justice of the Peace Courts handle:

• Traffic Violations: Minor offenses like speeding tickets and other moving violations.
• Small Claims: Disputes over smaller amounts of money, typically less than $10,000.
• Evictions: Cases where a landlord seeks to remove a tenant for non-payment of rent or other reasons.

These courts offer a quicker, more straightforward process for resolving smaller issues that don’t require the attention of higher courts.

7. Harris County Municipal Courts

Municipal courts handle violations of city ordinances. These can include:

• Traffic Tickets: Violations of local traffic laws within the city of Houston.
• City Code Violations: Issues like noise complaints or other violations of municipal codes.
• Minor Criminal Offenses: Including public intoxication or disorderly conduct.

These courts typically deal with minor infractions and do not handle felony or complex criminal cases.

8. Federal Courts in Houston

Houston is also home to federal courts, which handle cases involving federal law. These courts have jurisdiction over matters such as:

• Federal Crimes: Including drug trafficking, white-collar crimes, and immigration offenses.
• Civil Cases Involving Federal Law: Lawsuits involving violations of federal rights, such as civil rights cases.
• Bankruptcy Cases: Individuals or businesses filing for bankruptcy under federal law.

The United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas serves as the main federal trial court for Houston. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals handles appeals from these courts.

Final Thought

Houston’s judicial system covers criminal, civil, family, and federal cases. Understanding each court's role is essential for navigating the system effectively.

If you're facing a legal issue, an appellate attorney can help guide you through the appeals process.

Houston’s courts serve the community, and knowing how they operate is key to resolving legal matters.