Determining cell viability is an important workflow step in many cell culture systems. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis are generally grouped together despite of the fact that they measure different parameters. The proper choice of an assay method depends on the number and type of cells used as well as the expected outcome. Cell proliferation assays are used to monitor the...

What is CAR-T cell therapy? It is a type of treatment mainly about isolating the patient's T cells and genetically engineering the cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which can recognize a specific tumor associated antigen, such as CD19, BCMA and CD20. After infusing the engineered CAR-T cells into the body, the tumor cells are targeted efficiently. Two landmark events occurred...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence that Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs preserve the therapeutic action of the parent MSCs, and their use avoids the safety concerns...

Antigenic determinants are sites on the surface of antigen molecules that can interact with antibodies. An antigenic substance can have two or more determinants. Studies have shown that antibodies recognize antigens from the three-dimensional structure of antigenic determinants rather than from the overall molecular arrangement of the antigen. Therefore, an antibody can react with...

Antibodies can often be used in multiple assays, but they do not perform equally well in all assays. This is particularly true for immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC has now become an indispensable assay and is consistently performed in anatomic pathology to give specific diagnosis and subclassification of neoplasms. IHC is a complex assay, where the end result is influenced by a variety of...